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Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, surgical prevention, and treatment of different eye disorders. An Ophthalmologist is a medical and surgical specialist, who specializes in treating disorders of the eye, and systemic diseases that manifest in the eye or tissues surrounding it. Ophthalmologists also offer osteopathic treatments which may include the application of corrective lenses to repair vision.

The three most common and dangerous eye diseases are diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. With the rise in diabetic patients, diabetic retinopathy has evolved into a critical issue for patients between the ages of 40-59.

Ophthalmology Department at South East is helping adult and pediatric patients see the colors of life vividly. The Department offers state-of-the-art treatment for various eye diseases. Our highly qualified and foreign-trained consultants have specialized training in treating cataracts, glaucoma, corneal transplant, cancer of the eye, diseases of the eyelids, retina, and macular hole treatment.

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Genital tract infections, also known as reproductive tract infections can lead to extreme pain, discomfort, and unwanted consequences in women. These infections are classified into two main categories:

  • Lower Genital Tract Infections: This includes any infection of the lower reproductive tract including the vagina, vulva and cervix.
  • Upper Genital Tract Infections: This includes any infection of the upper reproductive tract which includes the fallopian tubes, uterus and ovaries.

Types of Genital Tract Infection

Depending on the causes of the genital tract infection, they can be segregated into three types:

  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases: As the name suggests, these diseases are contracted through unprotected sexual intercourse. The most common STDs include gonorrhoea, chlamydia, chancroid and HIV or human immunodeficiency virus.
  • Endogenous Infections: These issues are caused by the overgrowth of certain organisms that are commonly found in the genital tract of healthy women. This includes conditions like vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis etc.
  • Iatrogenic Infections: These infections are caused by medical procedures that have been performed improperly. The most common causes of these infections are poor delivery or childbirth and unsafe abortion.

Any reproductive tract infection in women is treatable, provided it is diagnosed early. Complications related to the infection are most prevalent in the upper genital tract which can lead to issues with conception, pregnancy, etc.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of any genital tract infection in women are as follows:

  • Itching and redness in the vaginal region
  • Vaginal spotting or bleeding
  • Difficulty during urination
  • Burning sensation during urination
  • Painful intercourse
  • Change in the amount of vaginal discharge
  • Change in the colour of vaginal discharge
  • Heavy bleeding during periods
  • Inconsistency in periods
  • Pain in the lower abdomen

If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, make sure you visit your gynaecologist immediately for a test.

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Gastric Outlet Obstruction

 

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a blockage of the path from the stomach to the small intestines. It may fully or partially block the path of food. It can stop food from being digested.

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Causes

The blockage is caused by problems with nearby tissue such as:

  • Swelling from peptic ulcer (common)
  • Swelling from pancreas
  • Abnormal growth of tissue, such as:
    • Scar tissue due to a peptic ulcer
    • A cancer growth

Risk Factors

Things that may raise the risk of this problem are:

  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Gastrointestinal tumors
  • Pancreatitis

Symptoms

Problems may be:

  • Regular, frequent feeling of bloating or fullness
  • Feeling full after eating less food
  • Nausea and vomiting of undigested food, especially right after eating
  • Belly pain or swelling

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

Tests may be done to look for blockages. This can be done with:

  • X-rays of the abdomen using a contrast material
  • Endoscopy to view the interior of the stomach and intestines

The movement of food through the stomach may also be tested.

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Drinking cranberry juice to help relieve the symptoms of a UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) is one of the most commonly recommended home remedies you may find. Although it is a popular home remedy, it is not the only one that proves beneficial in providing relief for mild symptoms of a urinary tract infection.

There are other things you can do to help you get over the symptoms of a urinary tract infection:

1: Drink lots of water- Drinking water will help to flush out the bacteria that are causing your infection.

2: Wear breathable garments- Clothing that allows your skin to breathe, can help prevent bacteria from further developing. Restrictive clothing such as tight jeans is known to trap moisture and for cultivating an environment that breeds bacteria.

3: Avoid drinks that may irritate your bladder- Avoid drinking beverages that include alcohol or caffeine. Drinks that contain these ingredients can irritate your bladder and trigger frequent urination.

4: Use a heating pad- Urinary tract infections can cause pain and discomfort but by applying a heating pad to your abdomen you can reduce these symptoms as well as bladder pressure.

5: Drink apple cider vinegar mixed with water- Components and enzymes in apple cider can be helpful in preventing bacteria from multiplying.

6: Take Vitamin C- Vitamin C keeps the bladder healthy by acidifying urine and combating the development of harmful bacteria.
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If symptoms continue to persist after using these home remedies, please make an appointment to see a physician as soon as possible. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics as a form of treatment. If you are prescribed antibiotics it is highly advised that you take the full course of prescribed medication to prevent reinfection.

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Kidney stones are hard deposits made from minerals such as calcium or waste products such as uric acid. They start small, but they can grow bigger as more minerals stick to them.

Some kidney stones often pass on their own without treatment. Other stones that are painful or that get stuck in your urinary tract sometimes need to be removed with surgery.

You might have a procedure or surgery to take out kidney stones if:

The stone is very large and can’t pass on its own.
You’re in a lot of pain.
The stone is blocking the flow of urine out of your kidney.
You have had many urinary tract infections because of the stone.

Types of Kidney Stone Procedures and Surgeries

These four treatments can be used on your kidney stones:

Shock wave lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
Open surgery

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Urology is a surgical sub-specialty that diagnoses and treats problems involving the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs. The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume, blood pressure, regulate blood pH, and control levels of electrolytes and metabolites. Urological diseases or conditions include urinary tract infections (UTI), kidney stones, bladder control problems, and prostate problems, among others. The main symptoms and features of urological diseases include tiredness, lack of appetite, blood in urine, frothy urine, vomiting, difficulty in breathing, and flank pain.

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The Department of Neurosurgery is a centre of excellence for the surgical and non-surgical evaluation and treatment of the full range of adult nervous system diseases, including those affecting the brain, its blood vessels and covering, spine and spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. The department strives to provide patient care in a personalized, compassionate and accommodating manner. It has the distinction of being one of the busiest and most technologically advanced neurosurgical units in the country. It is also one of the major referral centres for complicated neurosurgical cases from all over the country.

Backed by a team of experienced neuroradiologists, intensivists, and neuro physicians, the department deals with a wide spectrum of neurosurgical pathology. The highly advanced imaging facilities at  South East Hospital allow for a successful outcome of surgery. Sophisticated operating microscopes assist in making delicate surgeries more precise.

Services

The department provides comprehensive emergency services for all cranio-spinal tumors, hemorrhages and vascular abnormalities including aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We also cater to all types of spinal surgeries, spinal disorders, spinal cord injuries and the removal of obstructions. Degenerative disease including cervical or lumbar disc prolapse, tumors and infections are also dealt by our consultants.

Computer guided spinal surgeries are being performed for instrumentation and pedicle screw fixation. Also, we have high-speed drills for spinal and cranial work and operating microscope. Advanced Minimally invasive surgery is performed with cameras and endoscopes. Our experts also skillfully carry out minimally invasive brain tumor surgery for pituitary tumor and skull base. A CT-guided Stereotactic System to increase accuracy and biopsy of small lesions is already in use.

We have performed various procedures for the first time in Pakistan which include artificial disc replacement in spine, vertebroplasty, insertion of intrathecal pump for spasticity, Titanium cages, screws and plates, C1/2 Titanium screw fixation, endoscopic transphenoidal pituitary, deformity surgeries and image guided brain tumor and computer guided spine surgery.

 

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Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Services

Physiotherapy is a health care profession primarily concerned with the correction of impairments and disabilities. Physiotherapy focuses on the promotion of mobility, functional ability, quality of life, and movement potential . This is achieved through examination, evaluation diagnosis and physical intervention.

The Department of Physiotherapy at Liaquat National Hospital provides excellence in clinical care and education in the field of rehabilitation. Aiming for optimal quality of life for individuals with physical disabilities. The Physiotherapy department is equipped with the latest adaptive equipment and electrical modalities and has a well-equipped gymnasium.

Our expertise and dedication combined with our patients’ trust and cooperation form the basis of success.

Services and Treatment

The department provides extensive inpatient and outpatient clinical services.
These include:

Pain Management
Neuro and Spinal Rehabilitation
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Musculoskeletal rehabilitation
Paediatric Rehabilitation
Intensive & Respiratory Care
Hydrotherapy
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Sports Rehabilitation

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure, done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. ECT seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental health conditions.

ECT often works when other treatments are unsuccessful and when the full course of treatment is completed, but it may not work for everyone.

Much of the stigma attached to ECT is based on early treatments in which high doses of electricity were administered without anesthesia, leading to memory loss, fractured bones and other serious side effects.

ECT is much safer today. Although ECT may still cause some side effects, it now uses electric currents given in a controlled setting to achieve the most benefit with the fewest possible risks.

Why it’s done

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can provide rapid, significant improvements in severe symptoms of several mental health conditions. ECT is used to treat:

  • Severe depression, particularly when accompanied by detachment from reality (psychosis), a desire to commit suicide or refusal to eat.
  • Treatment-resistant depression, a severe depression that doesn’t improve with medications or other treatments.
  • Severe mania, a state of intense euphoria, agitation or hyperactivity that occurs as part of bipolar disorder. Other signs of mania include impaired decision-making, impulsive or risky behavior, substance abuse, and psychosis.
  • Catatonia, characterized by lack of movement, fast or strange movements, lack of speech, and other symptoms. It’s associated with schizophrenia and certain other psychiatric disorders. In some cases, catatonia is caused by a medical illness.
  • Agitation and aggression in people with dementia, which can be difficult to treat and negatively affect quality of life.

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A hair transplant is a procedure in which a plastic or dermatological surgeon moves hair to a bald area of the head. The surgeon usually moves hair from the back or side of the head to the front or top of the head.

Hair transplants typically occur in a medical office under local anesthesia.

Pattern baldness is responsible for the majority of hair loss. This comes down to genetics. The remaining cases are due to various factors, including:

  • diet
  • stress
  • illness
  • hormonal imbalance
  • medication
Are there different types of hair transplants?

There are two types of transplant procedures: slit grafts and micrografts.

Slit grafts contain 4 to 10 hairs per graft. Micrografts contain 1 to 2 hairs per graft, depending on the coverage needed.

Who might benefit from a hair transplant?

Receiving a hair transplant can improve your appearance and self-confidence. Good candidates for a hair transplant include:

  • men with male pattern baldness
  • women with thinning hair
  • anyone who has lost some hair from a burn or scalp injury



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